The electromagnetic specturm consists of all the known wavelengths of light.
Please note that the part of the spectrum that comprises the visible portion of light is very small with respect to the entire spectrum. And, with respoect to machine vision we typically use that portion of the spectrum from the near infrared to ultraviolet. We describe these wavelengths typically in nanometer scale.
Let's look at a basic machine vision camera. Here is a camera without a lens.
Let's look inside this camera to see the typical components: the front end printed circuit board with an imaging sensor and the back end PCBs with various purposes.
Logic in the back end circuitry will comprise numerous functionality -
• A/D converters
• Amplifiers
• Clocks for exposure & frame rate
• Read out circuits
• FPGAs
• Memory
• others functions
Visible light sensors
The most common visible light imaging sensors are:
• Silicon CCD, charge coupled device or,
• Silicon CMOS, Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
Infrared sensors typically come in either cooled or uncooled versions. Below are some examples along with the wavelengths of light they are designed to detect.
Cooled Infrared Sensors
• Indium gallium arsenide InGaAs (1-2 μm wavelength)
• indium antimonide (3-5 μm wavelength)
• indium arsenide
• mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) (1-2 μm, 3-5 μm, 8-12 μm wavelength)
• lead sulfide
• lead selenide
UnCooled Infrared Sensors
• amorphous silicon (a-Si)
• vanadium(V) oxide (VOx)
• lanthanum barium manganite (LBMO)
• lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
• lanthanum doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT)
• lead scandium tantalate (PST)
• lead lanthanum titanate (PLT)
• lead titanate (PT)
• lead zinc niobate (PZN)
• lead strontium titanate (PSrT)
• barium strontium titanate (BST)
• barium titanate (BT)
• antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI)
• polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)
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